Turkmenistan, a country in Central Asia, is known for its vast Karakum Desert and rich cultural heritage influenced by its historical position along the Silk Road. The capital, Ashgabat, is notable for its striking architecture and marble buildings, including the impressive Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque and the towering Independence Monument. The country’s economy is heavily reliant on its substantial natural gas reserves, making it one of the world’s leading gas exporters. Traditional practices such as horse breeding and carpet weaving remain vital cultural elements. Despite its natural wealth, Turkmenistan maintains a strong sense of isolation, with stringent governmental control over information and media.

By 2024, Turkmenistan’s travel and tourism market is set to see substantial growth, with expected revenues reaching US$62.44 million. The market’s Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is predicted to be 9.45% from 2024 to 2028, leading to a market volume of US$89.62 million by the end of 2028. Dominating this growth is the Package Holidays market, forecasted to hit US$39.89 million by 2024. Moreover, user penetration is likely to grow from 4.1% in 2024 to 5.0% in 2028.

The Charm of Turkmenistan

The appeal of Turkmenistan stems from its scenic landscapes, historical richness, and unique cultural identity. The nation houses diverse attractions, ranging from its role in the ancient Silk Road to its modern architectural feats. The stark contrast between its timeless deserts and Ashgabat’s modern vision is striking for all who visit.

Ashgabat: The White City

Known as the “White City,” Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, is famous for its vast number of gleaming marble buildings—a world record holder for the highest concentration of white marble buildings. Highlights include the Independence Monument, the Arch of Neutrality, and the imposing Turkmenistan Tower. At night, the city transforms with its monuments bathed in vibrant lights.

The National Museum of Turkmenistan provides a deep dive into the nation’s history and cultural evolution, displaying everything from ancient artifacts to modern art. The Tolkuchka Bazaar, a massive open-air market in Central Asia, offers a taste of the local life where visitors can buy traditional crafts, carpets, and jewelry.

Ancient Silk Road Heritage

Located on the ancient Silk Road, Turkmenistan boasts a storied historical past. The ancient city of Merv, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was once among the world’s largest and wealthiest cities. Today, tourists can wander through its ruins, including the Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum and the old city walls.

Another prominent Silk Road landmark is the ancient city of Nisa, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As the Parthian Empire’s capital, Nisa presents visitors with well-preserved ruins such as fortifications, temples, and royal palaces, offering a window into an illustrious past.

Exploring the Karakum Desert and the Darvaza Gas Crater

The Karakum Desert spans a significant portion of Turkmenistan, offering breathtaking landscapes and thrilling adventures. It houses the Darvaza Gas Crater, popularly known as the “Door to Hell.” This spectacular sight began when a natural gas field collapsed into an underground cave in 1971, and to prevent methane spread, geologists ignited it. The flames have been alight ever since, drawing global visitors with its eerie and mesmerizing glow.

Visitors to the Karakum can delve into traditional nomadic culture at a yurt camp, where they can ride camels, savor Turkmen dishes, and immerse themselves in the heritage of the Turkmen people.

Unique Cultural Experiences in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan celebrates a rich cultural history, marked by unique attractions and experiences. The Akhal-Teke horse, a symbol of national pride, is famed for its elegance and resilience. Travelers can observe these horses at equestrian centers or enjoy a scenic ride across the countryside.

Another hallmark of Turkmen heritage is its exquisite carpets. The Turkmen Carpet Museum in Ashgabat exhibits a breathtaking collection of handcrafted carpets, providing insight into this intricate art form.

Festivals like Navruz, the Persian New Year, and Independence Day in September, showcase the vibrant Turkmen culture with traditional music, dance, and elaborate celebrations.

TTW CEO Mr. Anup Keshan said, “If you’re seeking a destination rich in cultural history and relatively uncrowded, Central Asia should be on your list, especially Turkmenistan. This unique country blends modern extravagance with Soviet-era history, creating a distinctive atmosphere. Turkmenistan stands out in Central Asia. While it shares some traits with other former Soviet republics, it has evolved into a highly unusual country since its independence. It’s an eclectic mix of opulence and authoritarianism, featuring grandiose golden statues, white marble buildings, and a display of dictatorial grandeur.”

Practical Travel Information

Visiting Turkmenistan requires careful planning due to its stringent visa policies. Travelers must secure a visa from a Turkmen embassy or consulate, backed by an invitation from a certified local tour operator.

The ideal times to visit are during the temperate spring (April to June) and fall (September to November). Summer temperatures soar in the desert, while winters are bitterly cold.

Turkmenistan is enhancing its infrastructure, with upgrades to roads, hotels, and transportation. Ashgabat boasts a modern international airport with connections to major cities and domestic transport options like trains and buses facilitate travel across the country.

Ashgabat: A Blend of Modernity and Tradition

In Ashgabat, modern architecture dominates the landscape with futuristic buildings that sometimes seem desolate. Notable landmarks include a palace resembling a disco spaceship and a grand mosque, amidst monumental tributes to independence.

However, the city’s new sections often appear uninhabited. Beyond these, traditional life persists in the dusty backstreets of old neighborhoods. Outside the capital, the desert stretches far and wide, dotted with semi-nomadic shepherds navigating in vintage Soviet cars, reminiscent of a friendlier version of “Mad Max,” as described by a local named Gianluca.

The Gates of Hell, one of the nation’s most iconic natural attractions, has been a burning spectacle in the desert since 1971, ignited when a Soviet oil rig inadvertently drilled into a natural gas cavern, leading to the decision to burn off the escaping toxic gases. After delving into this fiery abyss, venture to Mary, a small desert town preserved in time, offering a distinct Soviet-era ambiance. Here, the local House of Culture remains active, maintaining its original function and untouched architecture from the Soviet period. This establishment continues to host after-school programs for children and theatrical productions, preserving a pivotal cultural tradition.

Another hidden gem is Konye-Urgench, a city alive with bustling mosques and mausoleums, providing a deep dive into the nation’s Muslim history and mystical traditions. According to Gianluca, while tourists are welcome, the city primarily serves as a spiritual center for local worshippers engaged in rituals and Sufi mystic dances.

Despite potential language barriers, the warmth of Turkmenistan’s people shines through. Gianluca notes the excitement locals express upon meeting foreigners, despite the low tourist numbers, and stresses the importance of respectful interaction, especially avoiding political discussions and respecting local customs.

For those not yet weary of sand, a visit to the Caspian Sea is recommended. The port towns along the western edge offer unspoiled, authentic experiences with stunning views of Krasnovodsk Bay, lively seafood markets, and serene beaches.

Turkmenistan Airlines serves as Turkmenistan’s national airline. The airline provides direct flights connecting Asia, the CIS countries, Europe, and the Middle East with Turkmenistan. From Birmingham, London (LHR), and Frankfurt, Turkmenistan Airlines facilitates smooth transfers through Asghabat to various destinations such as Amritsar, Bangkok, Delhi, and Beijing. Additionally, the airline flies to Abu Dhabi, Almaty, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ankara, Istanbul, and Dubai.

The fleet of Turkmenistan Airlines exclusively comprises modern Boeing aircraft models 717, 737, 757, and 777. Turkmenistan Airlines operates all its flights with two available classes: Business and Economy.

Ashgabat International Airport stands as the largest airport in Turkmenistan and serves as the country’s primary gateway. It is strategically located within Ashgabat’s administrative borders, close to the city center. The airport unveiled its new terminal on 17 September 2016 after extensive renovations and redesigns. This project also included the relocation and extension of the south runway, which now runs parallel to the north runway.

Positioned near the M37 highway, the airport links directly to this major route through a four-lane motorway. It offers several parking facilities, including terminal, short-term, and long-term parking for the convenience of travelers. Regular bus services, operated by lines 1, 18, 22, and 58, provide efficient transportation between the airport and Ashgabat city. Additionally, the Awtomobil Ulag Hyzmaty company provides taxi services at the airport.

Top Attractions in Turkmenistan

• Ashgabat National Museum of History
• Turkmenistan Independence Monument
• Karakum Desert
• The ancient city of Nisa
• Caspian Sea
• Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque

Turkmenistan Luxury Hotels

• Divan Hotel Ashgabat
• Grand Turkmen Hotel
• Archabil Hotel
• Olimpia Hotel
• Yyldyz Hotel

Conclusion

Turkmenistan remains a land of profound historical significance, rich culture, and breathtaking landscapes, offering travelers a unique exploration opportunity. From the gleaming marble of Ashgabat to the ancient ruins of Merv and the mesmerizing Darvaza Gas Crater, Turkmenistan is an open invitation to a world of adventure and cultural discovery, ready to share its remarkable heritage with visitors from across the globe.