Shelters for migrants and refugees have been filling up in Germany for months, and Mr. Scholz, who faces enormous pressure from the opposition and elsewhere to halt that trend, has said that “too many are coming.”

Germany has also taken in more than 1 million Ukrainians since the start of Russia’s war in their homeland.

Over recent weeks, there had been a flurry of government activity, including legislation to ease deportations of unsuccessful asylum-seekers, to stiffen punishment for smugglers, to allow asylum-seekers to start working sooner, and to introduce temporary checks on the Polish, Czech and Swiss borders.

The federal and state governments agreed on November 7 to change the system for financing the costs for the asylum seekers. Starting next year, the federal government will pay an annual lump sum of 7,500 euros ($8,000) for each asylum seeker and no longer a total annual sum of around 3.7 billion euros.

Mr. Scholz called the reform a “transition to a breathing system” and said that “with rising numbers, there is more money, with falling numbers there is less.”

Asylum-seekers are also to receive at least part of their benefits as credit on a payment card, meaning they will get less cash in the future.

Some state governors had called for a new system of conducting asylum procedures outside of Germany to keep the migrants from arriving in the first place, but that measure didn’t pass. However, the federal government said it would examine whether asylum procedures outside of the EU are possible.

Several European countries, including the United Kingdom and Denmark, have been looking into processing asylum-seekers remotely to keep them from entering their countries. But so far, only Italy has successfully reached a deal with Albania on November 6 to give temporary shelter to some of the thousands of migrants who reach Italian shores, while their asylum bids are being processed.

In other measures, asylum procedures are to be processed faster than before, and asylum applications from people coming from countries with a recognition rate of less than 5% are to be completed within three months.

The controls that Germany established at its borders with Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Poland and Austria are to be extended, but the time period was not clear.

Opposition leader Friedrich Merz, from the centre-right Christian Democratic Union, rejected Mr. Scholz’s notion that the migration deal was “historic.”

“I expressly disagree with the categorization as historical. It was a step forward,” he told reporters in Berlin on November 7.

“The decisive factor is that the figures have to come down,” Mr. Merz added. “And I have a big question mark over whether they will actually go down with these measures.”

A German group that supports asylum-seekers and liberal asylum laws in Germany said that it was “appalled” by the new measures and called plans to process asylum pleas outside the country “extremely dangerous.”

“Instead of taking pragmatic measures to take in people in need of protection, the solution to Germany’s challenges will probably be sought in Turkiye or North Africa,” Pro Asyl wrote in a statement. “It is absolutely unrealistic to expect such deals to be implemented effectively and, above all, in accordance with human rights.”

More than 250,000 people applied for asylum in Germany in the period from January to September, compared to more than 130,000 in the same time period last year.

The majority of asylum seekers come from Syria, Afghanistan and Turkiye.